Category: Nursing – CEN

  • Shock

    Shock: Inadequate Oxygen Delivery Leading to Acidosis & Organ Dysfunction Key Concept: (Preload + Contractility + Afterload) → Stroke Volume × HR = Cardiac Output × O₂ = Oxygen Delivery Each type of shock disrupts different variables, but all result in impaired oxygen delivery at the cellular level. Hemodynamic Variables Affected by Shock: Compensatory Mechanisms:…

  • Rheumatological Emergencies

    Polymyalgia Rheumatica Gout Contributing Factors: Treatment: Sepsis A severe medical condition triggered by an infection, leading to an excessive immune response and widespread clotting activation. Pathophysiology: Organ System Signs of Dysfunction in Sepsis Cardiac Weakened heart contractions, decreased blood volume return Respiratory Damage to lung capillaries, fluid accumulation in lungs, ARDS Gastrointestinal Weakened intestinal lining…

  • Psych Emergencies

    Neurological Side Effects of Psychiatric Medications Medication Anticholinergic Effects Sedative Properties Risk of Extrapyramidal Symptoms Quetiapine Minimal Strong None Haloperidol (Haldol) Minimal Mild High Olanzapine Minimal Moderate Low Risperidone Minimal Mild Low Ziprasidone Minimal Mild Low Anorexia Severe risks associated with anorexia nervosa and bulimia include: Overdose: Accidental or Intentional Key Concept: Type Anticholinergic Cholinergic…

  • Professional and Ethical Principles

    Autonomy: The right of individuals to make their own choices, supported by education and information. Beneficence: Acting in the best interest of the patient, promoting well-being and preventing harm. Nonmaleficence: Avoiding actions that could cause harm or suffering. Justice: Ensuring fairness and equal treatment for all individuals. Managing Critical Incidents & Delegation Critical Incident Stress…

  • Pediatrics

    Key Pediatric Insights: APGAR Scoring System A – Appearance (Skin color)P – Pulse (Heart rate)G – Grimace (Reflex irritability)A – Activity (Muscle tone)R – Respiratory effort Assessment Criteria 0 points 1 point 2 points Skin Color Pale or bluish Bluish extremities (acrocyanosis) Fully pink Heart Rate Not detectable Below 100 BOM Above 100 BPM Reflex…

  • Orthopedic & Soft-Tissue Injuries

    Abrasions Amputations – Prioritize ABCs! Avulsion Injuries Carpal Tunnel Syndrome – Median Nerve Involvement Compartment Syndrome Sprains (Ligament Injury) (Tip: Both “sprain” and “ligament” have letters that extend below the baseline!) Muscle Strain Suture Removal Guidelines Volkmann’s Ischemic Contracture Types of Fractures Basic Classifications: Specific Fracture Patterns: Notable Named Fractures: Pelvic fractures Osteoarthritis (Degenerative Joint…

  • OB/GYN Emergencies

    Pregnancy & Gynecologic Emergencies Types of Pregnancy Loss (10-15% of Pregnancies) Emergency contraception should be given alongside an antiemetic prescription.“Date rape” drugs metabolize quickly—collect samples early. Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy Preeclampsia: Eclampsia: Preeclampsia + Seizures + Fetal distress Placental Disorders Placenta Previa (Painless Bleeding) Placenta covers cervical opening (partial/complete). Placental Abruption (Painful Bleeding) Premature placental…

  • Neurological Emergencies

    Stroke Hemorrhagic Stroke Symptoms: Goals: Prevent further brain damageRisk Factors: High cholesterol (HLD), congestive heart failure (CHF), atrial fibrillation (AFib)Priorities: Ischemic Stroke Basilar Artery Stroke: Four Types of Brain Hemorrhages 1. Epidural Hematoma 2. Subdural Hematoma 3. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage 4. Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage VP (Ventriculoperitoneal) Shunt Malfunction Symptoms: Diagnosis & Treatment: Posturing & Brain Injury Decorticate…

  • Hematology

    Sickle Cell Disease Pathophysiology Treatment Common Triggers Potential Complications Hemophilia & Bleeding Disorders Types of Hemophilia Management & Treatment Causes of Secondary Erythrocytosis Excess Erythropoietin (EPO) Production Genetic & Acquired Mutations Chronic Hypoxia-Related Causes Other Contributing Factors Infectious Diseases Measles (Rubeola) Mumps Pertussis (Whooping Cough) Chickenpox (Varicella-Zoster Virus) Meningitis Key Symptoms of Bacterial Meningitis Classic…

  • HEENT

    Life-Threatening Infections Ophthalmologic Emergencies Dental Trauma – Tooth Avulsion & Fracture Classification Head Trauma Ear Conditions Otitis Externa Ménière’s Disease (Chronic, Episodic) Labyrinthitis (Acute) Eye Conditions Uveitis/Iritis Glaucoma – Elevated Intraocular Pressure (IOP) Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO) Amaurosis Fugax Retinal & Nasal Conditions Retinal Detachment Diabetic Retinopathy Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) Nasal Conditions Epistaxis…