Category: Nursing – FNP

When to Initiate Insulin Therapy Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Insulin Type Onset Peak Duration Rapid-Acting (Lispro, Aspart) ~15 min 30 min – 2.5 hrs ~4.5 hrs Short-Acting (Regular) ~30 min 1 – 5 hrs 6 – 8 hrs Intermediate-Acting (NPH) ~1 hr 6 – 14 hrs 18 – 24…

Pneumonia – CURB-65 Assessment CURB-65 Scoring & Management ASTHMA/COPD Condition Medication Type Examples Usage Guidelines COPD LAMA (Long-Acting Muscarinic Antagonist) -ium (e.g., tiotropium), glycopyrrolate First-line bronchodilator for stable COPD; used daily for maintenance LABA (Long-Acting Beta-2 Agonist) -terol (e.g., salmeterol, formoterol) Often combined with LAMA for moderate to severe COPD LABA/LAMA Combo e.g., umeclidinium/vilanterol Preferred…

Heart Murmurs Systolic Murmurs – “MR Peyton Manning AS MVP” Diastolic Murmurs – “ARMS” Key Point: All diastolic murmurs are abnormal. Valve Locations (APETM) Murmur Radiation Valve Dysfunction Murmur Grading Scale Using a Stethoscope Heart Sounds Mnemonic: “Motivated Apples” Additional Heart Sounds Fibrinolysis Contraindications Absolute Contraindications (High Risk – Avoid Use) Relative Contraindications (Consider Risks…

Dermatology Assessment Guidelines Smallpox Common Skin Lesions & Their Characteristics Lesion Type Description Example Conditions Annular Ring-shaped with central clearing Lyme disease (bull’s eye lesion) Bulla Fluid-filled blister >1 cm Burns Clustered Grouped lesions without a specific pattern Herpes Confluent/Coalescent Merging lesions forming larger patches Psoriasis Cyst Encapsulated, raised, fluid-filled lesion Intradermal cyst Lichenification Thickened…

Eye Anatomy and Function Eye Examination Diabetic Retinopathy Cataracts Eye Terminology Lymph Nodes Mouth Cheilosis Oral Cancer Koplik Spots Red Eye Complaints Refer to Ophthalmology if the patient presents with: Common Symptoms: Dacryocystitis Nose Hearing Loss Type Conductive Sensorineural Affected Area Outer or middle ear Inner ear Underlying Cause Obstruction or disruption of sound transmission…

Pharmacology Drug-Drug Interactions Substrates (Drugs metabolized by the enzyme) Inhibitors (Block enzyme function, increasing drug concentration) Activators (Enhance enzyme function, lowering drug levels) Pharmacology Basics Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamics First-Pass Effect NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) Miscellaneous Facts Narrow Therapeutic Index (NTI) Drugs (Require close monitoring) Drug Monitoring Parameters Warfarin INR (interacts with sulfa drugs, “G” herbs, and…

Levels of Prevention Primary Prevention Secondary Prevention Tertiary Prevention Immunization Principles Herd Immunity (Community Protection) Active Immunity Passive Immunity Administer vaccines unless immediate hospitalization via ambulance is required. Key Considerations for Immunization and Anaphylactic History Allergic Reaction Trigger Vaccines to Avoid Neomycin IPV, MMR, Varicella Streptomycin, Polymyxin B, Neomycin IPV, Smallpox Baker’s Yeast Hepatitis B…